Evidence, origin and impact of liquid flows in plasma medicine in vitro treatments with APPJs

Abstract Plasma jets are being intensively studied for biomedicine applications but their fine control remains challenging due to the mutual interactions between plasma and target. Even considering one of simplest scenario in a research laboratory, using jet treat 2D cells culture plastic multi-well plate, it is not known detail how physical environment micro-well may influence nature treatment. This study aims shed light by investigating first time liquid flows induced treating biologically-relevant (e.g. PBS) standard tissue grade multi well plates (i.e. 96, 24, 12 6 wells). Evaporation, anhydrous gas flow, demonstrated govern thermal effect be at origin observed cooling. Moreover, formation stable vortexes induces non-uniform distribution generated reactive species. phenomenon, reported various vessels volumes liquid, does originate from gradients instead likely result combination electrohydrodynamic forces flow tangential components impinging on surface.